Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Pesticides Affect Mobility and DNA Integrity of Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact three concentrations a pesticide mixture on first development stages rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). made up commonly used pesticides in viticulture: glyphosate (GLY), chlorpyrifos (CPF) and copper sulfate (Cu). Eyed stage embryos were exposed for 3 weeks mixture. Lethal sub-lethal effects assessed through number phenotypic molecular endpoints including survival, hatching delay, success, biometry, swimming activity, DNA damage (Comet assay), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonyl content gene expression. Ten target genes involved antioxidant defenses, repair, mitochondrial metabolism apoptosis analyzed using real-time RT-qPCR. No significant increase mortality, half-hatch, growth defects, TBARS contents observed whatever concentration. In contrast, activity significantly more elevated at highest Gene transcription up-regulated detoxification (gst mt1), repair (ogg1), (cox1 12S), cholinergic system (ache). This highlighted induction adaptive behavioral responses larvae when environmentally realistic pesticides.